Certified Transport Registered Nurse Certification Practice Exam

What is the expected outcome of using nitric oxide in a patient with pulmonary hypertension?

1. Increased airway resistance

2. Improved oxygenation and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance

3. Increased risk of pulmonary embolism

4. Decreased lung compliance

The correct answer is: Improved oxygenation and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance

Using nitric oxide in a patient with pulmonary hypertension leads to improved oxygenation and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance. This outcome is significant because nitric oxide acts as a potent vasodilator specifically in the pulmonary vasculature. It relaxes the smooth muscles within the pulmonary arteries, which results in widened blood vessels, improved blood flow, and decreased pressure in the lungs. As a consequence of this vasodilation, there is enhanced oxygen delivery to the pulmonary capillaries, which can result in improved overall oxygenation of the blood. This is particularly important in patients with pulmonary hypertension, as they often struggle with inadequate oxygen levels due to high pressures and restricted blood flow in the lungs. Using nitric oxide is a therapeutic strategy aimed at reducing the workload of the right ventricle and alleviating the symptoms associated with pulmonary hypertension. The other effects, such as increased airway resistance, increased risk of pulmonary embolism, or decreased lung compliance, are not associated with the use of nitric oxide but rather pertain to other pathological processes or treatments.